Dr. James Esdaile and Deep Hypnosis
Dr. James Esdaile was a surgeon who trained at the University of Edinburgh and who graduated with his MD in 1829. In 1830, went to India and began his work using hypnosis to help people to experience more comfortable and effective surgeries. At the time, there were no reliable methods of pain relief in India, and chloroform and ether had only recently been used in the practice of medicine.